Fluorine materials are not only widely used in solar energy and lithium batteries, but also play an important role in other fields. A fuel cell is an electrochemical system that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through electrode reactions. Its biggest feature is that the reaction process does not involve combustion, does not go through the heat engine process, and the energy conversion efficiency is not affected by the Carnot cycle. The limit can be as high as 60%~80%, and the actual use efficiency is 2~3 times that of ordinary internal combustion engines. No pollution occurs during power generation, the power generation unit is modular, has high reliability, is easy to assemble and repair, and there is no noise during work. Therefore, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power supply is a clean, efficient and green power supply. Membrane electrode is the core component of fuel cell, and it is also the key to determining the cost and performance of fuel cell.
At present, perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane is the most suitable membrane material for PEMFC. The main chain of the perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane resin molecule is a linear structure composed of carbon atoms and fluorine atoms, and the branch is a perfluoroether structure with sulfonic acid or sulfonyl fluoride groups. The main chain provides the thermal stability and chemical stability of the resin molecule and the mechanical properties of the product. The functional group of the side chain end group provides the ion exchange capacity of the resin molecule and the product. The resin is generally prepared with a sulfonyl fluoride group. The perfluorovinyl ether monomer and tetrafluoroethylene are copolymerized. At present, the actual demonstration and application of proton membrane fuel cells all use perfluorinated proton exchange membranes, but the working temperature range of the membrane is 25~80, which cannot meet the requirements of high temperature PEMFC, which has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Therefore, the technology development trend of preparing low-cost, medium- and high-temperature (100~120) perfluorinated proton exchange membranes that can be used for long-term use in fuel cell membrane electrodes. At present, domestic R&D institutions mainly include Shanghai Jiaotong University, Dalian Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Dongyue Shenzhou New Materials Co., Ltd., and internationally, there are mainly American DuPont Company, 3M Company and Japanese Toray Company.
The use of wind energy is mainly in the form of wind power and power generation. Wind power generation is the main form of current wind energy utilization, and its power generation components have high technical requirements for materials. Due to the harsh natural environment, wind power generation blades must be able to withstand the erosion of ultraviolet rays, wind sand, acid rain and other blades. Therefore, the material of the blade coating is very important for blade protection, and the coating material is required to have strong adhesion, weather resistance and wear resistance. Fluorine-modified polyurethane coatings are being applied to such harsh and severe weather conditions. Protective coating on wind turbine blades.
The application of fluorine-containing materials in the nuclear energy field mainly includes graphite fluoride, which is mainly used in lubricants, anti-wetting agents and anti-fouling agents. As a new type of functional material, fluorinated graphite has very low surface free energy, and its thermal and chemical stability are good. It is mainly used as a solid lubricant, protective agent and electrode active material. Graphite fluoride is a deep-processed product of graphite. The production capacity was formed in the 1970s, and the application field is still in the development stage. Because fluorinated graphite has many excellent properties, it is widely used in military, aviation, metallurgy, electromechanical, chemical and other fields.